Indian Polity: Constitutional Development for UPSC CSE

Introduction

The constitutional development of India is a crucial topic for UPSC aspirants as it encompasses the historical evolution of the laws and regulations that shaped modern India. This chapter details the legislative acts and reforms from the late 18th century until India gained independence in 1947.

Constitutional Development of India

The constitutional development in India can be categorised into two major periods:

1. Under the East India Company (1773-1858)

2. Under British Rule (1858-1947)

Constitutional Development Under the East India Company (1773-1858)

Regulating Act, 1773

• Purpose: To address corruption and management issues within the East India Company.

• Key Provisions:

  • Established the office of the Governor-General of Bengal (first Governor-General: Warren Hastings).

  • Created an executive council of four members to assist the Governor-General.

  • Set up a Supreme Court in Calcutta to handle legal matters.

  • Prohibited Company servants from engaging in private trade.

• Significance: This act marked the beginning of parliamentary control over the East India Company and laid the foundation for future governance structures.

Act of Settlement, 1781

• Purpose: To amend and clarify the Regulating Act of 1773.