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NewsDecode | Environment | Mains Paper 3: Conservation, Environmental Pollution and Degradation, Environmental Impact Assessment
Why in the News?
The 29th Conference of the Parties (COP29) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) opened in Baku, Azerbaijan, on November 11, 2024. This conference comes at a critical time as the UN Secretary-General has raised concerns over the world’s trajectory in meeting the goals of the Paris Agreement.
Key Highlights of COP29:
UN's Urgent Call for Action: The Secretary-General highlighted that achieving the objectives of the Paris Agreement—particularly keeping global warming well below 2 degrees Celsius—requires urgent, collective climate action. He underscored the looming risk of missing these targets without increased commitment from all nations.
Focus Areas at COP29:
Climate Finance: A major focus is mobilising the $100 billion annually promised to support developing countries’ climate adaptation and mitigation efforts. The conference will examine how to ensure predictable, adequate financial resources.
Enhanced National Commitments: Countries are expected to announce updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) with specific emission reduction targets and timelines.
Aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Efforts are directed at harmonising climate initiatives with the broader UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, ensuring that climate action also promotes social and economic sustainability.
India's Climate Goals and Actions:
Renewable Energy Transition: India has pledged to achieve 500 GW of non-fossil fuel-based energy capacity by 2030, demonstrating its commitment to a green energy future and significant emissions reduction.
National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC): This plan includes missions on solar energy, enhanced energy efficiency, water conservation, sustainable agriculture, and more. India's climate action strategy reflects its aim to balance sustainable development with environmental protection.