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The Law Commission of India's recent exploration of the "one nation, one election" concept brings renewed attention to the complex issue of simultaneous elections. This proposed synchronisation of Lok Sabha, Vidhan Sabha, and potentially local body elections raises questions with far-reaching consequences for India's governance. This analysis provides UPSC Civil Service aspirants with a critical overview of the concept.
What is “One Nation, One Election”?
Definition: Clearly establish the meaning of "one nation, one election" – the holding of elections to all elected bodies on a common schedule.
Historical Context: Briefly outline the initial period of simultaneous elections in post-Independence India and the factors leading to its subsequent disruption.
Rationale: Succinctly present the primary arguments advanced by proponents of the idea, emphasising potential benefits to governance and resource management.
Primary objective: The primary objective is to synchronise electoral cycles, reducing the frequency of polls and promoting administrative efficiency.
The Law Commission's Framework
Proposed Amendments: Summarise the key Constitutional amendments envisioned by the Law Commission, addressing the insertion of Part XVA, provisions for a 'unity government' to manage midterm instability, and the adoption of a common voter list.
Implementation Phasing: Explain the likely two-stage synchronisation leading towards the goal of fully simultaneous elections in 2029.
Arguments For and Against Simultaneous Elections
Arguments in Favor:
Cost Savings: Conducting elections simultaneously would significantly reduce the financial burden on the exchequer. Frequent elections strain resources and disrupt governance.
Stability: Simultaneous polls can provide political stability by preventing frequent changes in government due to mid-term elections.
Focus on Development: With fewer elections, politicians can concentrate on governance and development rather than campaigning.