Comprehensive UPSC Syllabus 2025

Understanding the UPSC syllabus forms the cornerstone of effective preparation strategy The examination syllabus is meticulously designed across three distinct stages, each testing different dimensions of a candidate's knowledge, analytical abilities, and personality traits.

Preliminary Examination Syllabus

The UPSC Prelims consists of two compulsory papers, both objective in nature, serving as a screening mechanism for the Main Examination.

Paper I - General Studies (200 marks, 2 hours):

• Current Events: National and international importance, covering political, economic, social, and environmental developments

• History of India: Ancient, medieval, and modern Indian history with emphasis on the Indian National Movement

• Indian and World Geography: Physical geography (climate, drainage, vegetation), human geography (population, settlements), and economic geography (resources, industries)

• Indian Polity and Governance: Constitutional framework, political system, Panchayati Raj institutions, public policy, and rights issues

• Economic and Social Development: Sustainable development paradigms, poverty alleviation, demographic trends, and social sector initiatives

• Environmental Ecology: Biodiversity conservation, climate change mitigation, and environmental impact assessment

• General Science: Basic concepts in physics, chemistry, biology, and their applications in daily life

Paper II - Civil Services Aptitude Test (CSAT) (200 marks, 2 hours):

• Comprehension and Communication Skills: Reading comprehension, English language proficiency

• Logical Reasoning and Analytical Ability: Problem-solving techniques, pattern recognition

• Decision Making and Problem Solving: Situational analysis and judgment

• General Mental Ability: Cognitive skills assessment

• Basic Numeracy: Mathematical concepts up to Class X level

• Data Interpretation: Analysis of charts, graphs, tables, and statistical data

Important Note: Paper II (CSAT) is qualifying in nature with a minimum requirement of 33% (66 marks out of 200), while Paper I determines the merit for Mains qualification.

Main Examination Syllabus

The UPSC Mains examination comprises nine papers designed to assess candidates' in-depth knowledge, analytical thinking, and expression capabilities.

Paper Structure and Marking Scheme:

Detailed Paper-wise Syllabus:

Paper I - Essay (250 marks): The essay paper tests candidates' ability to articulate thoughts coherently on diverse topics ranging from philosophy, social issues, economic challenges, to contemporary global affairs. Candidates can write essays in any of the languages included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution or in English.

Paper II - General Studies I (250 marks):

• Indian Heritage and Culture: Art forms, literature, architecture, and cultural traditions

• History: Ancient, medieval, and modern Indian history with world history connections

• Geography: Physical and human geography of India and the world

• Society: Social structure, diversity, and demographic trends

Paper III - General Studies II (250 marks):

• Governance and Constitution: Constitutional provisions, federal structure, and governance mechanisms

• Polity: Political processes, institutions, and democratic principles

• Social Justice: Welfare schemes, vulnerable sections, and inclusive development

• International Relations: India's foreign policy, global organizations, and bilateral relations

Paper IV - General Studies III (250 marks):

• Technology: Scientific developments, space technology, and digital initiatives

• Economic Development: Growth models, infrastructure, and economic policies

• Biodiversity and Environment: Conservation strategies and environmental challenges

• Security: Internal security, disaster management, and defense-related issues

Paper V - General Studies IV (250 marks):

• Ethics and Human Interface: Moral philosophy and ethical dilemmas

• Attitude: Behavioral aspects and emotional intelligence

• Aptitude and Foundational Values: Civil service values and public administration ethics

• Emotional Intelligence: Self-awareness and interpersonal skills

Papers VI & VII - Optional Subject (250 marks each): Candidates must choose one optional subject from the prescribed list of 48 subjects, ranging from literature and humanities to science and engineering disciplines.

Interview/Personality Test Syllabus

The final stage involves a comprehensive personality assessment worth 275 marks, evaluating candidates' mental alertness, critical thinking abilities, communication skills, leadership potential, and overall personality traits suitable for civil services.